Fluoride affects bone repair differently in mice models with distinct bone densities.

We grouped mice [strains: C57BL/6J (n=32) and C3H/HeJ (n=32)] to address the influence of bone density on fluoride's (F's) biological effects. These animals received low-fluoride food and water containing 0 (control group) or 50ppm of F for up to 28days. The upper left central incisor was extracted, and the left maxilla was collected at 7, 14, 21, and 28days for histological and histomorphometric analysis to estimate bone neoformation. Our results showed bone neoformation in all of the evaluated groups, with the presence of bone islets invading the center of the alveoli when replacing the existing connective tissue. Curiously, this biological phenomenon was more evident in the C57BL/6J strain. The histomorphometric analysis confirmed the histological findings in relation to the amount of new bone tissue and showed a decrease in C3H/HeJ mice (control group). Altogether, our results showed differential effects of fluoride bone metabolism, confirming a genetic component in susceptibility to the effects of fluoride.

Marcadores bioquímicos e microscópicos como ferramentas investigativas da resposta tecidual envolvidas com a associação de osso cortical bovino/colágeno em subcutâneo de ratos / Biochemical and microscopic analyses as investigative tool of tissue response involved with the association of bovine cortical bone/collagen in subcutaneous of rats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reposta tecidual à associação de osso bovino inorgânico e colágeno bovino liofilizado, implantados em subcutâneo de ratos. O composto (osso bovino + colágeno) foi acondicionado em cápsulas de colágeno transparente e posteriormente implantado no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de ratos. Os animais foram mortos após 10, 20, 30 e 60 dias da cirurgia e as peças recolhidas para análise microscópica e enzimática. Foram analisados os aspectos microscópicos da resposta tecidual, bem como a atividade específica da fosfatase ácida total, fosfatase ácida lisossomal, fosfatase ácida de baixa massa molecular, fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (marcador de osteoclastos e alguns tipos de células gigantes multinucleadas) e da fosfatase alcalina. A análise enzimática mostrou que a atividade da fosfatase ácida lisossomal coincidiu com os períodos de maior presença de células gigantes multinucleadas inflamatórias. A análise microscópica revelou um moderado infiltrado inflamatório apenas no período de 10 dias, desaparecendo nos períodos seguintes. A presença de linfócitos e plasmócitos foi leve, sendo notada apenas no período de 10 dias. O grau de fibrosamento tendeu de moderado a intenso até o final do experimento. Dentro dos limites deste trabalho pode-se concluir que a combinação de osso cortical bovino + colágeno bovino liofilizado é biocompatível não exibindo sinais de resposta imunogênica, além disso, a atividade das fosfatases ácidas pode ser modulada em função do tempo, durante a resposta tecidual ao composto implantado em subcutâneo de ratos. O exato papel de cada uma dessas enzimas nesta complexa cadeia de eventos deve, ainda, ser investigado.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the rat tissue response under association of inorganic bovine bone and bovine collagen. Before experimentation, the association (bovine bone + collagen) was conditioned in collagen capsules and after implanted in rats subcutaneous tissue. Afterwards, the animals were killed as follows: 10, 20, 30 and 60 days after surgery. Immediately, the biopsies were collected and appropriately conditioned for both microscopic and biochemical analysis. The biochemical parameters evaluated were: specific activity of total acid phosphatase, lisossomal acid phosphatase, low molecular weight phosphatase, tartarateresistant acid phosphatase and of alkaline phosphatase. These results showed that lisossomal acid phosphatase activity coincided with the periods of bigger incidence of inflammatory multinucleated giant cells. Results from microscopic analysis showed a moderate infiltrated inflammatory at 10 days, decreasing at the following periods. Also, the presence of lymphocytes and plasmocytes was scored as light at 10 days. We found that fibrosis degrees were between moderate to intense at the final periods. Taken together, our results showed that association of cortical bovine bone plus bovine collagen is biocompatible by not showing signals of immune response. On the other hand, both acid and alkaline and phosphatase activities were modulated along the periods evaluated as responsive events.

[Integrated approach to the oral health of drug-addicted undergoing rehabilitation]. / Abordagem integrada da saúde bucal de droga-dependentes em processo de recuperação.

Considering the current context of increasing and early utilization of licit or illicit drugs (habit-forming substances), the aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of 102 males from the Esquadrão da Vida rehabilitation center, in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The evaluation was carried out by means of the assessment of caries experience (DMFT), dental plaque (PHP), gingival index and salivary flow. This study also aimed at instituting an educational-preventive program and evaluating its efficacy. The subjects' mean age was 29.17 years (sd = 11.40; n = 95). From all subjects (n = 102), 72.54% had the habit of eating between meals, and 69.60% did not utilize dental floss. The observed DMFT was 14.88 (sd = 6.38; n = 86). The initial PHP was 2.34 (sd = 0.69; n = 14) and, after 3 months, it was reduced to 1.91 (sd = 0.74; n = 14). The initial salivary flow was 1.31 ml/min (sd = 0.7; n = 97). Due to the fluctuation of this group, only 13 of the original subjects were reevaluated after 3 months, when a salivary flow of 1.13 ml/min (sd = 0.49) was registered. The initial gingival index and PHP presented r = 0.30 (p = 0.002 - statistically significant). The objective need for treatment and the subjective importance given to oral health were negatively correlated (r = -0.26; p = 0.019 - statistically significant), which indicates that the value attributed to oral health influences health care and affects the oral health-sickness process.

Abordagem integrada da saúde bucal de droga-dependentes em processo de recuperaçäo / Integrated approach to the oral health of drug-addicted undergoing rehabilitation

No atual contexto de uso crescente e precoce de drogas (fármacos recreacionais), legais ou näo, a finalidade deste trabalho foi avaliar as condiçöes de saúde bucal de 102 indivíduos, do sexo masculino, da instituiçäo de recuperaçäo Esquadräo da Vida, em Bauru-SP. O diagnóstico desta condi;äo foi feito por meio da experiência de cárie (CPOD), placa bacteriana (PHP), índice gengival e teste de fluxo salivar. Objetivou-se também a implantaçäo e verificaçäo da eficácia de um programa educativo-preventivo. A idade média dos internos foi de 29,17 anos (d.p=11,40/ N=95). Dos internos (N=102), 72,54 por cento tinham o hábito de comer entre as refeiçöes e 69,60 por cento näo utilizavam fio dental. O CPOD observado foi de 14,88 (d.p=6,38; N=86) e, quando correlacionado à idade, obteve-se r=0,55 (p<0,001*). O PHP inicial foi de 2,34 (d.p=0,69; N=14) e, decorridos 3 meses, reduziu para 1,91 (d.p=0,74/ N=14). O fluxo salivar inicial foi de 1,31 mLmin (d.p=0,7/ N=97), sendo apenas 13 reavaliados após 3 meses, devido à flutuaçäo deste grupo populacional, obtendo-se 1,13mLmin (d.p=0,49). O índice gengival e o PHP iniciais apresentaram r=0,30 (p=0,002*). A necessidade objetiva de tratamento verificada e a importância subjetiva conferida à saúde bucal apresentaram correlaçäo negativa (r= -0,26; p=0,019*), indicando que a valorizaçäo da saúde bucal repercute sobre os cuidados em saúde e tem reflexos sobre o processo saúde-doença bucal